Most people have heard of a stroke, but many don’t know how to recognize one—or how serious it can be. A stroke occurs when the brain doesn’t get the blood and oxygen it needs, leading to the death of brain cells. Acting quickly can make the difference between full recovery and permanent damage. In this guide, you’ll learn what a stroke is, the different types, early warning signs, and why immediate action is essential.
What is a Stroke?
The brain, heart, and lungs are three vital organs your body can’t function without. The brain controls your body’s systems, the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood, and the lungs supply that oxygen. A stroke happens when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen. Within minutes, brain cells begin to die.
Types of Stroke: Ischemic vs. Hemorrhagic
Ischemic Strokes
An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain becomes blocked, often due to a blood clot or narrowing of the arteries. It’s the most common type of stroke, accounting for about 87% of all cases.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
A hemorrhagic stroke happens when a weakened blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding in or around the brain. This can result from trauma, high blood pressure, aneurysm rupture, or certain drug use.
What Is a TIA?
A transient ischemic attack (TIA), often called a “mini-stroke,” is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. Although symptoms usually resolve within 24 hours, a TIA is a serious warning sign of a potential full-blown stroke and should be treated as a medical emergency.
How to Recognize a Stroke
Recognizing stroke symptoms early is critical, as every second counts in a medical emergency. The sooner you can get to the hospital and seek medical treatment, the better your chance of recovery and treatment. The acronym to remember the signs and symptoms of a stroke is
BE FAST
- Balance – Sudden loss of balance or coordination
- Eyes – Sudden changes in vision
- Face – Facial drooping on one side
- Arms – Arm weakness or numbness
- Speech – Slurred or garbled speech
- Time – Time to call 911 immediately
Even if symptoms are brief or go away, seek medical attention right away.
Why Immediate Action Matters
In stroke care, we say “time is brain.” Every minute a stroke goes untreated, brain cells die. Immediate treatment can reduce brain damage and improve recovery outcomes. If you or someone else shows signs of a stroke, call 911—don’t wait to see if symptoms improve.